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1 consuetudo
consŭētūdo, ĭnis, f. [consuesco].I.A being accustomed, custom, habit, use, usage.A.In gen. (very freq. in all periods, esp. in prose):(β).exercitatio ex quā consuetudo gignitur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 358:dicunt... consuetudine quasi alteram naturam effici,
id. Fin. 5, 25, 74:ad parentium consuetudinem moremque deducimur,
id. Off. 1, 32, 118; id. Mil. 1, 1; id. Clu. 38, 96:majorum,
id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:Siculorum ceterorumque Graecorum,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; id. de Or. 2, 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 45; cf. id. ib. 1, 43:eorum dierum,
id. ib. 2, 17:non est meae consuetudinis rationem reddere, etc.,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 1: con [p. 441] suetudo mea fert, id. Caecin. 29, 85:consuetudinem tenere, etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 11, 27:haec ad nostram consuetudinem sunt levia,
Nep. Epam. 2, 3:contra morem consuetudinemque civilem aliquid facere,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; cf. with ut, id. ib. 4, 5:cottidianae vitae,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 42:virtutem ex consuetudine vitae sermonisque nostri interpretemur,
Cic. Lael. 6, 21; cf.:vitae meae,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 2;and sermonis,
id. Fat. 11, 24; Quint. 1, 6, 45:communis sensūs,
Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:jam in proverbii consuetudinem venit,
id. Off. 2, 15, 55:victūs,
id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:otii,
Quint. 1, 3, 11 al.:peccandi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176; Quint. 7, 2, 44:splendidior loquendi,
Cic. Brut. 20, 78:loquendi,
Quint. 1, 6, 43; 11, 1, 12:dicendi,
Cic. Mur. 13, 29; Quint. 2, 4, 16:docendi,
id. 2, 5, 2:vivendi,
id. 1, 6, 45:immanis ac barbara hominum immolandorum,
Cic. Font. 10, 21; cf.:classium certis diebus audiendarum,
Quint. 10, 5, 21 al.:indocta,
Cic. Or. 48, 161: mala, * Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:assidua,
Quint. 1, 1, 13:longa,
id. 2, 5, 2:vetus,
id. 1, 6, 43:communis,
id. 11, 1, 12; 12, 2, 19:vulgaris,
id. 2, 13, 11; Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 248:bene facere jam ex consuetudine in naturam vortit,
Sall. J. 85, 9:omnia quae in consuetudine probantur,
generally, Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75:negant umquam solam hanc alitem (aquilam) fulmine exanimatam. Ideo armigeram Jovis consuetudo judicavit,
the general opinion, Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 15.—With prepp., ex consuetudine, pro consuetudine, and absol. consuetudine, according to or from custom, by or from habit, in a usual or customary manner, etc.:B.Germani celeriter ex consuetudine suā phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 52; so with ex, Sall. J. 71, 4; 85, 9; Quint. 2, 5, 1; Suet. Ner. 42 al.:pro meā consuetudine,
according to my custom, Cic. Arch. 12, 32:consuetudine suā Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 19; 2, 32:consuetudine animus rursus te huc inducet,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 41:huc cum se consuetudine reclinaverunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 27 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 24, 2; Sall. J. 31, 25 al.—Less freq.: praeter consuetudinem, contrary to experience, unexpectedly (opp. praeter naturam), Cic. Div. 2, 28, 60:plures praeter consuetudinem armatos apparere,
contrary to custom, Nep. Hann. 12, 4; cf.:contra consuetudinem,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:supra consuetudinem,
Cels. 2, 2.—Esp.1.Customary right, usage as a common law:2.(jus) constat ex his partibus: naturā, lege, consuetudine, judicato... consuetudine jus est id, quod sine lege aeque ac si legitimum sit, usitatum est,
Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 162:consuetudine jus esse putatur id, quod voluntate omnium sine lege vetustas comprobavit,
id. ib. 2, 22, 67; Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 601; Cic. Caecin. 8, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5; Dig. 1, 3, 32.—In gram. (instead of consuetudo loquendi; cf. supra), a usage or idiom of language, Varr. L. L. in 8th and 9th books on almost every page; Cic. Or. 47, 157; Quint. 1, 6, 3; 1, 6, 16; 2, 5, 2.—Hence,3.In Col. for language in gen.:II.consuetudini Latinae oeconomicum Xenophontis tradere,
Col. 12, praef. §7: nostra (opp. Graeca),
id. 6, 17, 7.—Social intercourse, companionship, familiarity, conversation (freq. and class; in an honorable sense most freq. in Cic.).A.In gen.:B.(Deiotarus) cum hominibus nostris consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque jungebat,
Cic. Deiot. 9, 27; so in plur.:victūs cum multis,
id. Mil. 8, 21; and in sing.:victūs,
id. Or. 10, 33:domesticus usus et consuetudo est alicui cum aliquo,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf. id. Fam. 13, 23, 1:consuetudine conjuncti inter nos sumus,
id. Att. 1, 16, 11:consuetudine ac familiaritate,
id. Quint. 3, 12;so with familiaritas,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 1:dare se in consuetudinem,
id. Pis. 28, 68:insinuare in alicujus consuetudinem,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; cf.:immergere se in consuetudinem alicujus,
id. Clu. 13, 36:epistularum,
epistolary correspondence, id. Fam. 4, 13, 1:nutrimentorum,
community, Suet. Calig. 9.—In partic., intercourse in love, in an honorable, and more freq. in a dishonorable sense, a love affair, an amour, love intrique, illicit intercourse, Ter. And. 3, 3, 28; id. Hec. 3, 3, 44; Suet. Tib. 7; id. Ner. 35; Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; 1, 5, 44; 2, 6, 8; Liv. 39, 9, 6 and 7; Quint. 5, 11, 34; Suet. Tit. 10 al.—So also freq.: consuetudo stupri,
Sall. C. 23, 3; Suet. Calig. 24; id. Oth. 2; Curt. 4, 10, 31. -
2 lingua
lingua (ante-class. form dingua, like dagrima for lacrima, Mar. Victorin. p. 2457 and 2470 P.; cf. the letter D), ae, f. [Sanscr. jihvā; original Lat. form. dingua; A. -S. tunga; Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue. Not from the root lih, lich, v. lingo], the tongue.I.Lit.:II.fac proserpentem bestiam me duplicem ut habeam linguam (of a kiss in which the tongues touched each other),
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 105:lingua haeret metu,
Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 7:in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149:linguā haesitantes,
id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:linguā properanti legere,
Ov. P. 3, 5, 9:linguā titubante loqui,
id. Tr. 3, 1, 21:quo facilius verba ore libero exprimeret, calculos lingua volvens dicere domi solebat (Demosthenes),
Quint. 11, 3, 54: linguam exserere, to thrust out the tongue, in token of derision or contempt, Liv. 7, 10: so,lingua ejecta,
Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266:lingua minor,
the epiglottis, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175.—Comically, as mock term of endearment:hujus voluptas, te opsecro, hujus mel, hujus cor, hujus labellum, hujus lingua,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 178; cf. v. 175.—In mal. part.: homo malae linguae, a fellow with a bad tongue, i. q. fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2; Min. Fel. Oct. 28.—Transf.A.Since the tongue is an organ of speech, a tongue, utterance, speech, language:2.largus opum, lingua melior,
Verg. A. 11, 338:facilem benevolumque lingua tua jam tibi me reddidit,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:non tu tibi istam praetruncari linguam largiloquam jubes?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 47:Latium beare divite linguā,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:lingua quasi flabello seditionis contionem ventilare,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54:linguam continere,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:tenere,
Ov. F. 2, 602:moderari,
Sall. J. 84:linguae solutio,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:linguam solvere ad jurgia,
Ov. M. 3, 261:quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 83:ut vitemus linguas hominum,
id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:Aetolorum linguas retundere,
to check their tongues, bring them to silence, Liv. 33, 3; cf.:claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam,
Amm. 16, 12, 61:si mihi lingua foret,
Ov. H. 21, 205:ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro,
Verg. E. 7, 28: favete linguis, i. e. give attention, " be silent that you may hear," Hor. C. 3, 1, 2; Ov. F. 1, 71:linguis animisque faventes,
Juv. 12, 83:nam lingua mali pars pessima servi,
id. 9, 121:mercedem imponere linguae,
i. e. to speak for pay, id. 7, 149:usum linguae reciperare,
Amm. 17, 12, 10:linguā debili esse,
to stammer, Gell. 1, 12, 2.—Comically: os habeat, linguam, perfidiam, tongue, i. e. readiness in speech, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 33. —The tongue or language of a people:b.lingua Latina, Graeca,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:Graeca et Latina lingua,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:(Massilia) tam procul a Graecorum regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa,
Cic. Fl. 26, 63:quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, ut, etc.,
id. Or. 44, 150:Gallicae linguae scientiam habere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 47:qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli, appellantur,
id. ib. 1, 1:dissimili linguā,
Sall. C. 6, 2:linguā utrāque,
i. e. Greek and Latin, Hor. S. 1, 10, 23; so, auctores utriusque linguae, Quint. prooem. 1;1, 1, 14: Mithridates, cui duas et viginti linguas notas fuisse,
id. 11, 2, 50:haud rudis Graecae linguae,
Curt. 5, 11, 4; 5, 4, 4; Nep. Milt. 3, 2:Syrus in Tiberim Orontes et linguam et mores vexit,
Juv. 3, 63.—Dialect, idiom, mode of speech (post-Aug.): illis non verborum modo, sed. linguarum etiam se inter differentium copia est. Quint. 12, 10, 34:3.Crassus quinque Graeci sermonis differentias sic tenuit, ut, qua quisque apud eum linguā postulasset, eadem jus sibi redditum ferret,
id. 11, 2, 50:utar enim historicā linguā,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 13, 3:si philosophorum linguā uti voluissem,
id. ib. 2, 2, 4.—Poet. of animals. the voice, note, song, bark, etc.:4. B.linguae volucrum,
Verg. A. 3, 361; 10, 177:linguam praecludere (canis),
Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.—Of tongue-shaped things.1.A plant, also called lingulaca, Plin. 24, 19, 108, § 170.—2.Lingua bubula, a plant, oxtongue, bugloss, Cato, R. R. 40; Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 112.—3.Lingua canina, Cels. 5, 27, 18 init.;4.and lingua canis,
App. Herb. 96, the plant hound's-tongue, also called cynoglossos; q. v.—A tongue of land: id promontorium, Cujus lingua in altum proicit, Pac. ap. Gell. 4, 17 fin.:5.lingua in altum mille passuum excurrens,
Liv. 37, 31, 9; Weissenb. ad Liv. 25, 15, 12:eminet in altum lingua, in qua urbs sita est,
Liv. 44, 11:tenuem producit in aequora linguam,
Luc. 2, 614; cf.: lingua dicitur promontorii genus non excellentis sed molliter in planum devexi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—A spoonful, as a measure, Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 (al. lingulis).—6.The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84.—7.The short arm of a lever:vectis lingua sub onus subdita,
Vitr. 10, 8 (cf. ligula, VII.). -
3 idioma
ĭdĭōma, ātis, n., = idiôma, a peculiarity in language, idiom, Charis. p. 255 P.
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